Effect of Oral Betahistine in Reducing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Following Hysteroscopic Surgery under General Anesthesia
Abstract
Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common and distressing complication after gynecological surgeries, particularly hysteroscopy. This study aimed to determine the effect of oral betahistine
on reducing the incidence and severity of PONV after hysteroscopic surgery under general anesthesia.
Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 94 candidates for hysteroscopic surgery
at Imam Sari Educational Medical Center in 2024. Patients were randomly assigned to two equal groups (n = 47
each). The intervention group received oral betahistine (16 mg three hours and 8 mg two hours before surgery),
and the control group received placebo. The incidence and severity of PONV, pain intensity, morphine and ondansetron consumption, and adverse effects were evaluated at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively.
Results: The incidence of PONV was significantly lower in the betahistine group than in the placebo group at
all time points (32% vs. 68% over the entire period, p < 0.001). The mean nausea severity was also significantly
lower in the betahistine group (2.3 ± 1.4 vs. 4.8 ± 2.1, p < 0.001). Morphine and ondansetron consumption during
the 48-hour postoperative period were significantly lower in the betahistine group (p < 0.001). No significant
difference in adverse effects was observed between the two groups. Older age, higher BMI, and longer anesthesia duration were identified as independent risk factors for PONV.
Conclusions: Prophylactic oral betahistine administration before hysteroscopic surgery under general anesthesia appears to be an effective, safe, and cost-effective strategy to reduce the incidence and severity of PONV, decrease the need for rescue antiemetics, and improve the quality of postoperative recovery.
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4. El-Qudah M, Amarin V, Yousef M. A Two-Year Review of Hysteroscopic Practice at Queen Alia Military Hospital. JRMS. 2013;20(2):40-44. https://doi.org/10.12816/0000087
5. Gulisano M, Gulino FA, Incognito GG, Cimino M, Dilisi V, Di Stefano A, et al. Role of hysteroscopy on infertility: The eternal dilemma. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2023;50(5):99. https://doi.org/10.31083/j.ceog5005099
6. Hafizi L, Tehrani DF, Mirteimouri M, Kolahdoozian A, Azizi H, Mina B. Comparing the Diagnostic Value of Hysterosalpingography with Hysteroscopy in Diagnosis of Uterine abnormalities in Infertile Women. J Midwifery Reprod Health. 2018;6(4):1423-1430.
7. Lasmar RB, Lasmar BP. Hysteroscopic management of intrauterine benign diseases. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol. 2021;30(5):263-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/136457 06.2021.1944218
8. Hong CX, Kim EK, Cardi AI, Harvie HS. Vaginal hysterectomy performed under general versus neuraxial regional anesthesia: comparison of patient characteristics and 30-day outcomes using propensity score-matched cohorts. Urogynecology. 2022;28(3):e98-e102. https://doi. org/10.1097/SPV.0000000000001163
9. Putra OM, Wicaksana INA. Comparison Between Opioid Free Anesthesia and Opioid Based Anesthesia in Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Systematic Review. J Anestesiologi Ter Intensif. 2025;1(2):43-49. https://doi.org/10.24843/ JATI.2025.v01.i02.p03
10. Khatiwada S, Bhattarai B, Biswas B, Pokharel K, Acharya R, Singh S, et al. Postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy under subarachnoid block: a randomized study of dexamethasone prophylaxis. Kathmandu Univ Med J. 2012;10(2):41-45. https://doi. org/10.3126/kumj.v10i2.7342
11. Park SI, Ko YK, Yoon HS, Yoon SH, Lee WH, Lee JU. Analysis of Factors related to Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting after Laparoscopic Hysterectomy. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2005;49(2):210-215. https://doi.org/10.4097/ kjae.2005.49.2.210
12. Liu J, Han L, Zhang F, Jiang Y, Cheng L, Qin S, et al. Construction and validation of a web-based dynamic predictive model for the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing day-case hysteroscopic surgery.
Front Med. 2025;12:1582546. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2025.1582546
13. Haigh C, Kaplan L, Durham J, Dupeyron J, Harmer M, Kenny G. Nausea and vomiting after gynaecological surgery: a metaanalysis of factors affecting their incidence. Br J Anaesth. 1993;71(4):517-522. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/71.4.517
14. Komann M, Rabe Y, Lehmann T, Dreiling J, Weinmann C, Kranke P, et al. Operation-specific risk of postoperative nausea: a cross-sectional study comparing 72 procedures. BMJ Open. 2024;14(2):e077508. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077508
15. González Castilla R, Chacón Docassal C, Favier Tamayo Y. Dexametasona en la prevención de náuseas y vómitos posoperatorios en pacientes histerectomizadas. MediSur. 2019;17(3):450-456.
16. Long JB, Galdi L, Hentz JG, Leslie JB, Magtibay PM, Kho RM, et al. Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in elective hysterectomy: a prospective, randomized, placebo controlled outcomes trial of aprepitant NK-1-receptor antagonist. Open J Anesthesiol. 2014;4(12):301-307. https:// doi.org/10.4236/ojanes.2014.412043
17. Li G, Lin L, Dai F, Guo X, Meng L. Muscular tissue oxygen saturation during robotic hysterectomy and postoperative nausea and vomiting: exploring the potential therapeutic thresholds. J Clin Monit Comput. 2019;33(4):597-604. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s10877-018-0193-5
18. Khasanov U, Akhunjhanov N, Khaydarova G, Shaykhova K, Abdullaev U. Use of Betaserca in patients with HD with cochleovestibular disorders. Int J Med Sci Clin Res. 2023;3(4):62-67. https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume03Issue04-09
19. Yellin I, Pathak S, Vambutas A. Effect of betahistine on proinflammatory cytokine expression in autoimmune inner ear disease and Meniere’s disease patients. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2024;9(6):e70032. https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70032
20. Biswas A, Dutta N. Role of betahistine in the management of vertigo. Ann Otol Neurotol. 2018;1(2):051-057. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676875
21. Cho JS, Kim EJ, Lee JH, Kim SJ, Kim JM, Byun JI, et al. Betahistine reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016;82(6):649-656.
22. Soleimani A, Emadi S, Moosazadeh M, Enayati M, Kiabi F. The Efficacy of Betahistine in Reducing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Open Public Health J. 2025;18:e18749445260625. https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445391837250714054504
23. Jeck-Thole S, Wagner W. Betahistine: a retrospective synopsis of safety data. Drug Saf. 2006;29(11):1049-1059. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200629110-00004
24. Cruthirds D, Sims PJ, Louis PJ. Review and recommendations for the prevention, management, and treatment of postoperative and postdischarge nausea and vomiting. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013;115(5):601-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2012.09.088
25. Norozi A, Fateh S, Rahbari E. The effect of gabapentin on controlling nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Arak Univ Med Sci. 2012;15(4):69-75.
26. Abdel-Wahab AH, Abo Elfad GM, Aboelfadl AM, Bahloul M, Abdel Rady MM. Effect of different doses of oral olanzapine to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery in high-risk patients: A randomised controlled trial. J Perioper Pract. 2024:17504589241308820. https://doi. org/10.1177/17504589241308820
27. Bhalla J, Baduni N, Bansal P. Comparison of palanosetron with ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. J Minim Access Surg. 2015;11(3):193-197. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-9941.140219
28. Mukhopadhyay S, Niyogi M, Ray R, Mukhopadhyay BS, Dutta M, Mukherjee M. Betahistine as an add-on: The magic bullet for postoperative nausea, vomiting and dizziness after middle ear surgery? J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2013;29(2):205- 210. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-9185.111725
29. Altorjay A, Melson T, Chinachoit T, Kett A, Aqua K, Levin J, et al. Casopitant and ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting prevention in women at high risk for emesis: a phase 3 study. Arch Surg. 2011;146(2):201-206. https://doi.
org/10.1001/archsurg.2010.327
30. Basu A, Saha D, Hembrom BP, Roy A, Naaz A. Comparison of palanosetron, granisetron and ondansetron as anti-emetics for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing middle ear surgery. J Indian Med Assoc.2011;109(5):327-329.
31. Liu Q, Wu C. Nausea and vomiting after gynecological laparoscopy related factors and nursing. China Prim Health Care. 2010;24:99-100.
32. Narayanan MRV, K A, Khanna P, Ray BR, Anand RK, Singh AK, et al. Effect of preprocedure anxiety and oestrogen levels on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy for infertility: a prospective observational pilot study. J Perioper Pract. 2025;35(10):471-478. https://doi.org/10.1177/17504589241278472
33. Cho JS, Kim EJ, Lee JH, Kim SJ, Kim JM, Byun JI, et al. Betahistine reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Minerva Anestesiol. 2015;82(6):649-656.
34. Soleimani A, Emadi SA, Moosazadeh M, Enayati M, Kiabi FH. The Efficacy of Betahistine in Reducing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Following
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Open Public Health J. 2025;18(1):e18749445260625. https://doi.org/10.2174/01187 49445391837250714054504
35. Osório F, Nogueira-Silva C, Barata S, Alho C, Calhaz-Jorge C. Total laparoscopic hysterectomy: impact of body mass index on outcomes. Acta Obstet Ginecol Port. 2015;9(5):356-365.
36. Castañeda JD, De Los Ríos JF, Calle GA, Serna E, Vásquez RA, Mejía AM, et al. Asociación entre el índice de masa corporal y los resultados perioperatorios y posoperatorios en pacientes sometidas a histerectomía laparoscópica total: Medellín (Colombia) 2002-2008. Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol. 2010;61(2):108-112. https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.278
37. Kim JH, Hong M, Kim YJ, Lee HS, Kwon YS, Lee JJ. Effect of body mass index on postoperative nausea and vomiting: propensity analysis. J Clin Med. 2020;9(6):1612. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061612
38. Kranke P, Apfel C, Papenfuss T, Rauch S, Löbmann U, Rübsam B, et al. An increased body mass index is no risk factor for postoperative nausea and vomiting: A systematic review and results of original data. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001;45(2):160-166. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2001.450205.x
39. Cing MTGC, Hardiyani T. Pengaruh Indeks Massa Tubuh terhadap Kejadian Mual Muntah Post Operasi. Faletehan Health J. 2022;9(1):8-12. https://doi.org/10.33746/fhj.v9i01.377
40. Lichert F. Hysterektomieverfahren bei adipösen und nicht adipösen Patientinnen verglichen. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2023;83(11):1308. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2154-9888
41. Zhou L, Chen C, Yu H. Nitrous Oxide-related Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Depends on Duration of Exposure: More Questions than Answers. Anesthesiology. 2014;121(6):1356. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000000459
42. Chen J, Yang T, Cao S, Zheng X, Tian H, Chen Y, et al. Prevalence and time course of postoperative nausea and vomiting and severe pain in patients under general anesthesia with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia. Heliyon. 2024;10(3):e25556. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25160
43. Ma K, Wu X, Chen Y, Yuan H. Effect of multimodal intervention on ostoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing gynecological aparoscopy. J Int Med Res. 2019;47(5):2026- 2033. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060519835700
44. Caballero-Lozada AF, Gómez JM, Torres-Mosquera A, González-Carvajal Á, Marín-Prado A, Zorrilla-Vaca A, et al. Impacts of intrathecal fentanyl on the incidence of postoperative nausea/vomiting: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized studies. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2022;38(3):391-399. https://doi.org/10.4103/ joacp.JOACP_443_20
45. Asgari Z, Razavi M, Hosseini R, Nataj M, Rezaeinejad M, Sepidarkish M. Evaluation of paracervical block and IV sedation for pain management during hysteroscopic polypectomy: a randomized clinical trial. Pain Res Manag. 2017;2017:5309408. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5309408
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49. Zhang H, Wu X. Incidence and influential factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting following gynecological surgery: analysis of 492 cases. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2009;89(11):758-762.
50. Mukhopadhyay S, Niyogi M, Ray R, Mukhopadhyay BS, Dutta M, Mukherjee M. Betahistine as an add-on: the magic bullet for postoperative nausea, vomiting and dizziness after middle ear surgery? J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2013;29(2):205- 210. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-9185.111725
51. Chia Y, Lo Y, Liu K, Tan P, Chung N, Ko N. The effect of promethazine on postoperative pain: a comparison of preoperative, postoperative, and placebo administrationin patients following total abdominal hysterectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2004;48(5):625-630. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2004.00369.x.
2. Turhan NÖ. Art of Hysteroscopy. J Gynecol Obstet. 2020. 3. Naor-Revel S, Goldstone R, Revel A. Hysteroscopy, the Window into the Uterine Cavity. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99069
4. El-Qudah M, Amarin V, Yousef M. A Two-Year Review of Hysteroscopic Practice at Queen Alia Military Hospital. JRMS. 2013;20(2):40-44. https://doi.org/10.12816/0000087
5. Gulisano M, Gulino FA, Incognito GG, Cimino M, Dilisi V, Di Stefano A, et al. Role of hysteroscopy on infertility: The eternal dilemma. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2023;50(5):99. https://doi.org/10.31083/j.ceog5005099
6. Hafizi L, Tehrani DF, Mirteimouri M, Kolahdoozian A, Azizi H, Mina B. Comparing the Diagnostic Value of Hysterosalpingography with Hysteroscopy in Diagnosis of Uterine abnormalities in Infertile Women. J Midwifery Reprod Health. 2018;6(4):1423-1430.
7. Lasmar RB, Lasmar BP. Hysteroscopic management of intrauterine benign diseases. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol. 2021;30(5):263-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/136457 06.2021.1944218
8. Hong CX, Kim EK, Cardi AI, Harvie HS. Vaginal hysterectomy performed under general versus neuraxial regional anesthesia: comparison of patient characteristics and 30-day outcomes using propensity score-matched cohorts. Urogynecology. 2022;28(3):e98-e102. https://doi. org/10.1097/SPV.0000000000001163
9. Putra OM, Wicaksana INA. Comparison Between Opioid Free Anesthesia and Opioid Based Anesthesia in Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Systematic Review. J Anestesiologi Ter Intensif. 2025;1(2):43-49. https://doi.org/10.24843/ JATI.2025.v01.i02.p03
10. Khatiwada S, Bhattarai B, Biswas B, Pokharel K, Acharya R, Singh S, et al. Postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy under subarachnoid block: a randomized study of dexamethasone prophylaxis. Kathmandu Univ Med J. 2012;10(2):41-45. https://doi. org/10.3126/kumj.v10i2.7342
11. Park SI, Ko YK, Yoon HS, Yoon SH, Lee WH, Lee JU. Analysis of Factors related to Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting after Laparoscopic Hysterectomy. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2005;49(2):210-215. https://doi.org/10.4097/ kjae.2005.49.2.210
12. Liu J, Han L, Zhang F, Jiang Y, Cheng L, Qin S, et al. Construction and validation of a web-based dynamic predictive model for the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing day-case hysteroscopic surgery.
Front Med. 2025;12:1582546. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2025.1582546
13. Haigh C, Kaplan L, Durham J, Dupeyron J, Harmer M, Kenny G. Nausea and vomiting after gynaecological surgery: a metaanalysis of factors affecting their incidence. Br J Anaesth. 1993;71(4):517-522. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/71.4.517
14. Komann M, Rabe Y, Lehmann T, Dreiling J, Weinmann C, Kranke P, et al. Operation-specific risk of postoperative nausea: a cross-sectional study comparing 72 procedures. BMJ Open. 2024;14(2):e077508. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077508
15. González Castilla R, Chacón Docassal C, Favier Tamayo Y. Dexametasona en la prevención de náuseas y vómitos posoperatorios en pacientes histerectomizadas. MediSur. 2019;17(3):450-456.
16. Long JB, Galdi L, Hentz JG, Leslie JB, Magtibay PM, Kho RM, et al. Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in elective hysterectomy: a prospective, randomized, placebo controlled outcomes trial of aprepitant NK-1-receptor antagonist. Open J Anesthesiol. 2014;4(12):301-307. https:// doi.org/10.4236/ojanes.2014.412043
17. Li G, Lin L, Dai F, Guo X, Meng L. Muscular tissue oxygen saturation during robotic hysterectomy and postoperative nausea and vomiting: exploring the potential therapeutic thresholds. J Clin Monit Comput. 2019;33(4):597-604. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s10877-018-0193-5
18. Khasanov U, Akhunjhanov N, Khaydarova G, Shaykhova K, Abdullaev U. Use of Betaserca in patients with HD with cochleovestibular disorders. Int J Med Sci Clin Res. 2023;3(4):62-67. https://doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/Volume03Issue04-09
19. Yellin I, Pathak S, Vambutas A. Effect of betahistine on proinflammatory cytokine expression in autoimmune inner ear disease and Meniere’s disease patients. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2024;9(6):e70032. https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.70032
20. Biswas A, Dutta N. Role of betahistine in the management of vertigo. Ann Otol Neurotol. 2018;1(2):051-057. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676875
21. Cho JS, Kim EJ, Lee JH, Kim SJ, Kim JM, Byun JI, et al. Betahistine reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016;82(6):649-656.
22. Soleimani A, Emadi S, Moosazadeh M, Enayati M, Kiabi F. The Efficacy of Betahistine in Reducing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Open Public Health J. 2025;18:e18749445260625. https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445391837250714054504
23. Jeck-Thole S, Wagner W. Betahistine: a retrospective synopsis of safety data. Drug Saf. 2006;29(11):1049-1059. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200629110-00004
24. Cruthirds D, Sims PJ, Louis PJ. Review and recommendations for the prevention, management, and treatment of postoperative and postdischarge nausea and vomiting. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013;115(5):601-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2012.09.088
25. Norozi A, Fateh S, Rahbari E. The effect of gabapentin on controlling nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Arak Univ Med Sci. 2012;15(4):69-75.
26. Abdel-Wahab AH, Abo Elfad GM, Aboelfadl AM, Bahloul M, Abdel Rady MM. Effect of different doses of oral olanzapine to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery in high-risk patients: A randomised controlled trial. J Perioper Pract. 2024:17504589241308820. https://doi. org/10.1177/17504589241308820
27. Bhalla J, Baduni N, Bansal P. Comparison of palanosetron with ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. J Minim Access Surg. 2015;11(3):193-197. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-9941.140219
28. Mukhopadhyay S, Niyogi M, Ray R, Mukhopadhyay BS, Dutta M, Mukherjee M. Betahistine as an add-on: The magic bullet for postoperative nausea, vomiting and dizziness after middle ear surgery? J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2013;29(2):205- 210. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-9185.111725
29. Altorjay A, Melson T, Chinachoit T, Kett A, Aqua K, Levin J, et al. Casopitant and ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting prevention in women at high risk for emesis: a phase 3 study. Arch Surg. 2011;146(2):201-206. https://doi.
org/10.1001/archsurg.2010.327
30. Basu A, Saha D, Hembrom BP, Roy A, Naaz A. Comparison of palanosetron, granisetron and ondansetron as anti-emetics for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing middle ear surgery. J Indian Med Assoc.2011;109(5):327-329.
31. Liu Q, Wu C. Nausea and vomiting after gynecological laparoscopy related factors and nursing. China Prim Health Care. 2010;24:99-100.
32. Narayanan MRV, K A, Khanna P, Ray BR, Anand RK, Singh AK, et al. Effect of preprocedure anxiety and oestrogen levels on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy for infertility: a prospective observational pilot study. J Perioper Pract. 2025;35(10):471-478. https://doi.org/10.1177/17504589241278472
33. Cho JS, Kim EJ, Lee JH, Kim SJ, Kim JM, Byun JI, et al. Betahistine reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic gynecological surgery. Minerva Anestesiol. 2015;82(6):649-656.
34. Soleimani A, Emadi SA, Moosazadeh M, Enayati M, Kiabi FH. The Efficacy of Betahistine in Reducing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Following
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Open Public Health J. 2025;18(1):e18749445260625. https://doi.org/10.2174/01187 49445391837250714054504
35. Osório F, Nogueira-Silva C, Barata S, Alho C, Calhaz-Jorge C. Total laparoscopic hysterectomy: impact of body mass index on outcomes. Acta Obstet Ginecol Port. 2015;9(5):356-365.
36. Castañeda JD, De Los Ríos JF, Calle GA, Serna E, Vásquez RA, Mejía AM, et al. Asociación entre el índice de masa corporal y los resultados perioperatorios y posoperatorios en pacientes sometidas a histerectomía laparoscópica total: Medellín (Colombia) 2002-2008. Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol. 2010;61(2):108-112. https://doi.org/10.18597/rcog.278
37. Kim JH, Hong M, Kim YJ, Lee HS, Kwon YS, Lee JJ. Effect of body mass index on postoperative nausea and vomiting: propensity analysis. J Clin Med. 2020;9(6):1612. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061612
38. Kranke P, Apfel C, Papenfuss T, Rauch S, Löbmann U, Rübsam B, et al. An increased body mass index is no risk factor for postoperative nausea and vomiting: A systematic review and results of original data. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001;45(2):160-166. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2001.450205.x
39. Cing MTGC, Hardiyani T. Pengaruh Indeks Massa Tubuh terhadap Kejadian Mual Muntah Post Operasi. Faletehan Health J. 2022;9(1):8-12. https://doi.org/10.33746/fhj.v9i01.377
40. Lichert F. Hysterektomieverfahren bei adipösen und nicht adipösen Patientinnen verglichen. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2023;83(11):1308. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2154-9888
41. Zhou L, Chen C, Yu H. Nitrous Oxide-related Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Depends on Duration of Exposure: More Questions than Answers. Anesthesiology. 2014;121(6):1356. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000000459
42. Chen J, Yang T, Cao S, Zheng X, Tian H, Chen Y, et al. Prevalence and time course of postoperative nausea and vomiting and severe pain in patients under general anesthesia with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia. Heliyon. 2024;10(3):e25556. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25160
43. Ma K, Wu X, Chen Y, Yuan H. Effect of multimodal intervention on ostoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing gynecological aparoscopy. J Int Med Res. 2019;47(5):2026- 2033. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060519835700
44. Caballero-Lozada AF, Gómez JM, Torres-Mosquera A, González-Carvajal Á, Marín-Prado A, Zorrilla-Vaca A, et al. Impacts of intrathecal fentanyl on the incidence of postoperative nausea/vomiting: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized studies. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2022;38(3):391-399. https://doi.org/10.4103/ joacp.JOACP_443_20
45. Asgari Z, Razavi M, Hosseini R, Nataj M, Rezaeinejad M, Sepidarkish M. Evaluation of paracervical block and IV sedation for pain management during hysteroscopic polypectomy: a randomized clinical trial. Pain Res Manag. 2017;2017:5309408. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5309408
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 9 No 1 (2026) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Betahistine Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Hysteroscopy General Anesthesia Randomized Clinical Trial | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Zamani Kiasari A, Ghorbanzadeh A, Sobhani S. Effect of Oral Betahistine in Reducing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Following Hysteroscopic Surgery under General Anesthesia. AJS. 2026;9(1):19-33.
